Jun 05, 2014 09:28 AM EDT By Jaleesa Baulkman, UniversityHerald Reporter

A son's vulnerability for alcohol use disorders may be shaped by the father's drinking even before consumption, according to a recent study.

Researchers from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine found that male mice that were chronically exposed to alcohol before breeding had male offspring that were less likely to consume alcohol and were more sensitive to its effects, providing new insight into inheritance and development of drinking behaviors.

"We examined whether a father's exposure to alcohol could alter expression of the genes he passed down to his children," Gregg E. Homanics, professor of anesthesiology and pharmacology & chemical biology, said in a statement. "Rather than mutation of the genetic sequence, environmental factors might lead to changes that modify the activity of a gene, which is called epigenetics. Our mouse study shows that it is possible for alcohol to modify the dad's otherwise normal genes and influence consumption in his sons, but surprisingly not his daughters."

For the study, researchers chronically exposed male mice that were more than five weeks old to intermittent ethanol vapor, leading to blood alcohol levels slightly higher than the legal limit for human drivers. Then, they mated them to females who had not been exposed to alcohol.

Researchers found that compared to those of ethanol-free sires, adult male offspring of ethanol-exposed mice consumed less alcohol when it was made available and were less likely to choose to drink it over water. Also, they were more susceptible to alcohol effects on motor control and reduction of anxiety.

"We suspected that the offspring of alcohol exposed sires would have an enhanced taste for alcohol, which seems to be the pattern for humans," Andrey Finegersh, lead author of the study, said in a statement. "Whether the unexpected reduction in alcohol drinking that was observed is due to differences between species or the specific drinking model that was tested is unclear."

The researchers plan to examine other drinking models such as binge drinking, identify how alcohol modifies the genes, and explore why female offspring appear unaffected.

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