Oct 10, 2022 03:10 PM EDT By David Thompson, UniversityHerald Reporter

A strong backend is the support system of web development. You need it to establish communication between the database and the browser. But before we take on top backend web development, let's understand what it is.

What is Backend Web Development?

Backend web development is a process of building the interaction between the database, browsers, and applications. The development companies build, maintain, and control the website's back-end, including databases, apps, etc. These companies use backend programming languages to create the backend of the website.

Let's take them in detail:

Top 5 Programming Languages For Backend development

Check out these top programming languages:

#1 JavaScript

JavaScript is the most popular scripting language, with 65% of the developers using it in 2022. You can design interactive & engaging web pages, friendly web layouts, and put hassle-free navigation for the users. A merchant can run their Javascript websites on any

• platform (Magento, Shopify, WordPress)

• devices (Mobile, Desktop, Tablets )

• browser (Chrome, Mozilla, Edge)

• server (Any Java servlet container)

Examples: LinkedIn, Twitter, and Quora.

Pros of JavaScript

• Blazing fast on browsers

• No need for compilation

• Find regular updates on ECMA specs

• Blends well with any front-end language

• Supports data validation

Cons of JavaScript

• Inhibits inheritance

• Doesn't support uniform code interpretation across browsers

#2 Java

Java is a flexible object-oriented backend language. It fuels the android app on the play store and many desktop apps as well. You can also build web applications with it. 

Examples: LinkedIn, Behance, & Apple.com

Pros of Java

• Has plenty of open-source libraries

• Offers platform independence with Java Virtual Machine

• Uses allocation system (Stacking systems)

• You can apply backward compatibility

• Supports memory designation (automatic) 

• Allows garbage collection

Cons of Java

• High memory management cost

• Low templates availability

• Bit sluggish compared to other backend languages like C++ and C

#3 Python

Python is a strong and prevalent multi-purpose language. Developers use it not only for web development, but also data analysis. The backend also has had influence over other backend languages like Julia and Go.

You can find Python use cases in variety of other technical verticals like:

• business applications 

• cloud-native computing 

• internet of Things (IoT) applications

• serverless computing

• system programming 

Examples: Netflix, Pinterest, and Dropbox

Pros of Python

• Has a huge library support

• Takes heavy CPU tasks easily

• Less coding, higher valuable functionalities

Cons of Python

• Lack of efficiency in memory management

• Has issues with runtime errors

• The primitive database is not fully developed

• Not very adequate for mobile computing

#4 PHP

PHP is a multi-purpose dynamic language used by 77.4% of % of all websites to develop server-side applications. Since it's an open-source, you can work around it on 

• Windows

• Mac Systems

• UNIX

Developers also use it for standalone and server-side web apps. For backend, they use PHP to build CMS systems. 

Example: Wikipedia, Slack, and Etsy

Pros of PHP

• Has a powerful and supportive community

• You can run instant debugging with Xdebug

• Offers plenty of automation tool to test web development & deployment

Cons of PHP

• Time to develop can be slower if not combined with other languages

• Error handling may not be in the best form

#5 C#

C#, one of the best object oriented programming languages is also provides a great backend formula for web development. It was initially developed by Microsoft as part of .NET framework for Windows apps.

Developers use C# to also build games, web apps, and many more.

Platforms to support C#: Windows, Linux, iOS and Android platforms.

Examples: GoDaddy, Marketwatch, and Stack Overflow

Pros of C#

• Independent language (runs on CLR)

• Has a hige library framework

• Easily combined with other codebases

Cons of C#

• Not as flexible as C++

• Learning curve is steeper

• Needs expertise for error solving

Key Takeaway

The choice of programming language shapes your website's performance and, ultimately, your customer's experience. Picking out a programming language means considering its performance, credibility, project requirements and learning curve. So, decide your website goal and choose the best programming language for your backend web development.

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