Apr 27, 2014 11:10 PM EDT By Jaleesa Baulkman, UniversityHerald Reporter

Teen drinking alters brain chemistry and may have long-term effects on decision making, according to a recent study.

In a study involving rats, researchers found that early alcohol use may be connected to risky behavior in adulthood.

"Early life experiences can alter the brain in the long term, with profound implications for behavior in adulthood," Abigail Schindler, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Washington who conducted the research, said in a statement. "This study points to the potential effects of alcohol on brain development in adolescence, a period of exploration when young adults are often experiencing alcohol for the first time."

For the study, researchers gave alcohol-laced "Jell-O shots" to a group of rats 30 to 50 days of age, the equivalent of the teen years in humans. During this period, the rats were given access to the Jell-O shots 24 hours per day. Once the rats reached adulthood, they were given tests offering the opportunity to take a low risk to get a small treat or take a much higher risk to get a larger treat.

They found that the rats exposed to alcohol during adolescence were consistently more inclined to take the high risk/high reward option, even when the safer option would have given them more treats overall.

 "This increase in maladaptive risk taking suggests that the alcohol exposure changed the way the animals make decisions," Schindler said.

To explain the phenomenon, the research team dug deeper into the rats' brain chemistry. They traced the effect to changes in dopamine, a brain chemical that contributes to the experience of reward, and to possible changes in GABA receptors, which can act as a brake system to keep dopamine in check.

Rats exposed to alcohol showed greater dopamine surges and changes in certain types of GABA receptors, suggesting that early alcohol exposure may take the breaks off of the dopamine system.

Researchers said the findings could shed light on the development of alcohol and drug addiction.

 "In humans, the younger you are when you first experience alcohol, the more likely you are to experience problems with alcohol in adulthood. But it's sort of a chicken-and-egg problem, because it's been unclear whether some people have a natural tendency toward alcohol abuse, or if alcohol itself has an effect on the brain," Schindler said.

Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug among adolescents. Seventy percent of 12th-graders and one-third of 8th-graders in the United States have had some exposure to alcohol during their lifetimes, according to a 2011 Monitoring the Future survey.

The findings will be presented during the Experimental Biology 2014 meeting on Sunday.

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