Supplemental feeding, or simply supplying nutrients that are lacking in one's primary diet, can help the recovery of endangered avian populations despite exacerbating the effects of infectious disease, according to a recent study.

Researchers at the University of Kent discovered that supplemental feeding can have differential effects at varying stages of brood productivity and that parakeets which took supplemental food generally fledged a higher proportion of chicks than pairs which did not use this resource. This is attributed partly to the consistency of supplemental provisioning which makes up for short-falls in natural food availability.

Their findings also revealed however, that during a disease outbreak the eggs of birds which took supplemental food were less likely to hatch than those of birds which did not take it.

This may be a result of increased contact with other birds around feeding stations leading to greater exposure to disease and ultimately to a physiological trade-off between maternal immune system response and reproductive investment. Despite the negative effects of disease the researchers were surprised to note the overall resilience of this endangered population to the outbreak as the effects were short-lived and the population continued to recover.

The research also highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and the need to apply evidence-based solutions to conservation strategies. Through the incorporation of disease results derived from blood samples collected throughout this period, it has resulted in an almost unparalleled dataset for studying disease outbreaks in wild populations.

For the study, researchers examined the successful recovery of the once critically endangered Mauritius parakeet using more than twenty years of data spanning several generations.

The findings are detailed in the Journal of Animal Ecology.