Aug 28, 2014 01:24 PM EDT By J Baulkman, UniversityHerald Reporter

Consuming junk food may reduce your appetite for healthier food choices, according to a new rat study.

Researchers found that a diet of junk food not only makes rats fat, but also reduces their appetite for novel foods, a preference that normally drives them to seek a balanced diet. They study helps to explain how excessive consumption of junk food can change behavior, weaken self-control and lead to overeating and obesity.

"The interesting thing about this finding is that if the same thing happens in humans, eating junk food may change our responses to signals associated with food rewards," Margaret Morris, who led the study, said in a statement. "It's like you've just had ice cream for lunch, yet you still go and eat more when you hear the ice cream van come by."

For the study, Morris and her colleagues taught young male rats to associate each of two different sound cues with a particular flavor of sugar water - cherry and grape. Healthy rats, raised on a healthy diet, stopped responding to cues linked to a flavor in which they have recently overindulged. This inborn mechanism, widespread in animals, protects against overeating and promotes a healthy, balanced diet.

However, after two eek on a diet that included daily access to cafeteria foods, including pie, dumplings, cookies, and cake -- with 150 percent more calories -- the rats' weight increased by 10 percent and their behavior changed dramatically.

Researchers noted that the rats became indifferent in their food choices and no longer avoided the sound advertising the overfamiliar taste. This indicated that they had lost their natural preference for novelty. The change even lasted for some time after the rats returned to a healthy diet.

The research team believes that a junk diet causes lasting changes in the reward circuit parts of the rats' brain, for example, the orbitofrontal cortex, an area of the brain responsible for decision-making. They say these results may have implications for people's ability to limit their intake of certain kinds of foods, because the brain's reward circuitry is similar in all mammals.

The World Health Organization estimates that more than 10 percent of the world's adult population is obese and at least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obesity. Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

"As the global obesity epidemic intensifies, advertisements may have a greater effect on people who are overweight and make snacks like chocolate bars harder to resist," Amy Reichelt, lead author of the study, said in a statement.

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